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@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
---
title: "Mapping Environmental Action in Scotland"
abstract:
# thanks: "Replication files are available on the author's Github account (https://github.com/kidwellj/mapping_environmental_action). **Current version**: February 15, 2019
# thanks: "Replication files are available on the author's Github account (https://github.com/kidwellj/mapping_environmental_action). **Current version**: February 22, 2019
style: jeremy1
author: "[Jeremy H. Kidwell](http://jeremykidwell.info)"
affiliation: University of Birmingham
institute: University of Birmingham
e-mail: "[j.kidwell@bham.ac.uk](mailto:j.kidwell@bham.ac.uk)"
date: "2019-02-15"
date: "2019-02-22"
bibliography: biblio.bib
linkcolor: black
geometry: margin=1in
@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ output:
fig_caption: true
citation_package: natbib
latex_engine: xelatex
always_allow_html: yes
---
@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ For the sake of comparison, we also measured the geographical footprint of two o
# Technical Background
Analysis was conducted using QGIS 2.8 and R 3.5.2, and data-sets were generated in CSV format.[^15541313] To begin with, I assembled a data set consisting of x and y coordinates for each congregation in Scotland and collated this against a variety of other specific data. Coordinates were checked by matching UK postcodes of individual congregations against geo-referencing data in the Office for National Statistics postcode database. In certain instances a single "congregation" is actually a series of sites which have joined together under one administrative unit. In these cases, each site was treated as a separate data point if worship was held at that site at least once a month, but all joined sites shared a single unique identifier. As noted above, two other datasets were generated for the sake of comparative analysis.[^177171536] These included one similar Environmental Non-Governmental Organisation (ENGO) in Scotland (1) Transition Scotland (which includes Scotland Communities Climate Action Network);[^15541342] and another community-based NGO, Scottish Community Development Trusts.[^158261232] As this report will detail, these three overlap in certain instances both literally and in terms of their aims, but each also has a separate identity and footprint in Scotland. Finally, in order to normalise data, we utilised the PointX POI dataset which maintains a complete database of Places of Worship in Scotland.[^15541614]
Analysis was conducted using QGIS 2.8 and R 3.5.1, and data-sets were generated in CSV format.[^15541313] To begin with, I assembled a data set consisting of x and y coordinates for each congregation in Scotland and collated this against a variety of other specific data. Coordinates were checked by matching UK postcodes of individual congregations against geo-referencing data in the Office for National Statistics postcode database. In certain instances a single "congregation" is actually a series of sites which have joined together under one administrative unit. In these cases, each site was treated as a separate data point if worship was held at that site at least once a month, but all joined sites shared a single unique identifier. As noted above, two other datasets were generated for the sake of comparative analysis.[^177171536] These included one similar Environmental Non-Governmental Organisation (ENGO) in Scotland (1) Transition Scotland (which includes Scotland Communities Climate Action Network);[^15541342] and another community-based NGO, Scottish Community Development Trusts.[^158261232] As this report will detail, these three overlap in certain instances both literally and in terms of their aims, but each also has a separate identity and footprint in Scotland. Finally, in order to normalise data, we utilised the PointX POI dataset which maintains a complete database of Places of Worship in Scotland.[^15541614]
# Background and History of Eco-Congregation Scotland
@ -83,19 +85,15 @@ In the case of Eco-Congregation Scotland, congregations are invited to begin by
Perhaps the first important question to ask of these groups is, where are they? I calculated the spread of eco-congregations and transition groups across each of the 32 council areas in Scotland. Every council area in Scotland has at least one eco-congregation or transition group). The most are located in , with 48, whereas the mean among all the 32 council areas is 10.75, with a median of 8, standard deviation of 9.4698162, and interquartile range of 11.5. The following choropleth maps show the relative concentration of eco-congregations (indicated by yellow to red).
(*TODO: need to implement*) Though there are too few eco-congregations and transition groups for a numerically significant representation in any of the intermediate geographies, mapping the concentration of sites by agricultural parishes allows for a more granular visual and I include this for comparison sake. Note, for the sake of a more accurate visual communication, we have also marked out areas of Scotland that are uninhabited with hash marks on the map of agricultural parishes. (*TODO: this will be done in the final draft, once I get my image masking fixed!*).[^15571030]
Though there are too few eco-congregations and transition groups for a numerically significant representation in any of the intermediate geographies, mapping the concentration of sites by agricultural parishes allows for a more granular visual and I include this for comparison sake. Note, for the sake of a more accurate visual communication, we have also marked out areas of Scotland that are uninhabited with hash marks on the map of agricultural parishes. (*TODO: this will be done in the final draft, once I get my image masking fixed!*).[^15571030]
## Eco-Congregation Scotland groups shown by concentration in administrative regions (NUTS3)
![Figure 1](figures/plot_admin_ecs_choropleth-1.png)
## Eco-Congregation Scotland groups shown by concentration in administrative regions (LAU)
![Figure 3](figures/plot_admin_ecs_admin2_choropleth-1.png)
![Figure 2](figures/plot_admin_ecs_normed_choropleth-1.png)![Figure 2](figures/plot_admin_ecs_normed_choropleth-2.png)
![Figure 3](figures/plot_admin_ecs_normed_choropleth-1.png)![Figure 3](figures/plot_admin_ecs_normed_choropleth-2.png)
Given the way population and places of worship are unevenly distributed across Scotland it is important to represent data in terms of relative distribution. For this study, we attempted to "normalise" our data in two different ways, (1) as shown by Figure 2 above, by taking population figures from the 2011 census (see data sheet in Appendix A) and (2) by adjusting relative to the number of places of worship in each council region.[^15914204] The latter of these two can yield particularly unexpected results. Thus, of the 4048 "places of worship" in Scotland, the highest concentration is actually the region, with 435, second is 329 (). Rank of Council Areas by population and number of places of worship is also included in Appendix A.
@ -107,11 +105,11 @@ Turning to the total of 4048 "places of worship" in Scotland, we find a slightly
Whereas our initial measurements indicated a prominent lead for Edinburgh, by normalising our data in this way we can highlight the stronger-than-expected presence of several others that might otherwise escape notice because they lie in a region with significantly lower population or numerically less places of worship. Taking the PointX data on "places of worship" in Scotland, we find a less dramatic picture, but also a slightly different one. The positive outliers include East Renfrewshire (3.4x) Edinburgh (2.9x), Stirling (2.2), West Lothian (1.9x) and Aberdeen (1.5x). Again, negative outliers are far less dramatic, with only Midlothian possessing a ratio of more than 100% negative difference from the number of "places of worship" at 1.5x *fewer*.
![](figures/create_admin_barplot-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 4](figures/create_admin_barplot-1.png)
## Other environmental groups shown by concentration in administrative regions (NUTS)
![Figure 4](figures/create_choropleth_others-1.png)![Figure 4](figures/create_choropleth_others-2.png)![Figure 4](figures/create_choropleth_others-3.png)
![Figure 5](figures/create_choropleth_others-1.png)![Figure 5](figures/create_choropleth_others-2.png)![Figure 5](figures/create_choropleth_others-3.png)![Figure 5](figures/create_choropleth_others-4.png)
## Cartogram Comparisons
@ -207,13 +205,13 @@ While Roman Catholic churches make up just over 10% of the church buildings in S
```
## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "SG_UrbanRural_2016"
## Source: "/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "SG_UrbanRural_2016"
## with 8 features
## It has 6 fields
```
```
## Reading layer `SG_UrbanRural_2016' from data source `/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data/SG_UrbanRural_2016.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Reading layer `SG_UrbanRural_2016' from data source `/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data/SG_UrbanRural_2016.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 8 features and 6 fields
## geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## dimension: XY
@ -237,10 +235,10 @@ The key question which this analysis seeks to answer is whether ECS, or the othe
Of all the groups surveyed in this study, Eco-Congregation Scotland is the most heavily concentrated in large urban areas (33.53%), exceeding by almost 50% the rate for all places of worship (22.96% in large urban areas). Transition is a much more modest 20% and development trusts a bit lower at 15%. It is interesting to note that the rate of ECS concentration in these large urban areas matches the level of overall population distribution (34.5%). On the other end of the scale, Eco-Congregation Scotland is the least concentrated in remote rural areas (with 3.93% on level 7 and 5.44% on level 8 on the urban-rural scale), though again, they correlate roughly to the general population distribution (3.2% and 2.9% respectively). Places of worship outpace both the population of Scotland and the footprint of Eco-Congregation Scotland, with 14.98% in very remote rural areas, but this is exceeded by transition at 16.47% and both by Scottish community development trusts at 32.14%. So while Eco-Congregation Scotland correlates roughly with Scottish population distribution across the urban-rural scale, it has a considerably more urban profile than either of the other two groups surveyed.
![](figures/create_ur_barplot-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 7](figures/create_ur_barplot-1.png)
## Eco-Congregation Scotland\nconcentrations in Urban Rural 8-fold classifications
![](figures/create_urbanrural_ecs_chart_choropleth-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 8](figures/create_urbanrural_ecs_chart_choropleth-1.png)
# Wealth, Employment, and Literacy
@ -248,7 +246,7 @@ Of all the groups surveyed in this study, Eco-Congregation Scotland is the most
```
## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "sc_dz_11"
## Source: "/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "sc_dz_11"
## with 6976 features
## It has 9 fields
```
@ -261,7 +259,7 @@ Of all the groups surveyed in this study, Eco-Congregation Scotland is the most
### Barplot
![](figures/create_simd_barplot-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 9](figures/create_simd_barplot-1.png)
### Boxplot
@ -278,7 +276,7 @@ We can find divergence between transition communities and eco-congregation when
```
## Reading layer `SSSI_SCOTLAND' from data source `/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data/SSSI_SCOTLAND.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Reading layer `SSSI_SCOTLAND' from data source `/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data/SSSI_SCOTLAND.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 15872 features and 7 fields
## geometry type: POLYGON
## dimension: XY
@ -289,14 +287,14 @@ We can find divergence between transition communities and eco-congregation when
```
## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "SSSI_SCOTLAND"
## Source: "/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "SSSI_SCOTLAND"
## with 15872 features
## It has 7 fields
## Integer64 fields read as strings: PA_CODE
```
```
## Reading layer `WILDLAND_SCOTLAND' from data source `/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data/WILDLAND_SCOTLAND.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Reading layer `WILDLAND_SCOTLAND' from data source `/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data/WILDLAND_SCOTLAND.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 42 features and 3 fields
## geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## dimension: XY
@ -307,13 +305,13 @@ We can find divergence between transition communities and eco-congregation when
```
## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "WILDLAND_SCOTLAND"
## Source: "/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "WILDLAND_SCOTLAND"
## with 42 features
## It has 3 fields
```
```
## Reading layer `National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017' from data source `/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data/National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Reading layer `National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017' from data source `/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data/National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 199698 features and 7 fields
## geometry type: POLYGON
## dimension: XY
@ -324,7 +322,7 @@ We can find divergence between transition communities and eco-congregation when
```
## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "/Users/jeremy/gits/mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017"
## Source: "/Users/kidwellj/OneDrive - bham.ac.uk/writing/201708_mapping_environmental_action/data", layer: "National_Forest_Inventory_Woodland_Scotland_2017"
## with 199698 features
## It has 7 fields
## Integer64 fields read as strings: OBJECTID
@ -525,9 +523,9 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</table>
![](figures/sssi_ecs_buffer_plot-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 11](figures/sssi_ecs_buffer_plot-1.png)
![](figures/all_wilderness_ecs_plot-1.png)<!-- -->
![Figure 12](figures/all_wilderness_ecs_plot-1.png)
# Appendix A
@ -776,7 +774,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> name </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> label </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> ecs_count </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> ecs_percent </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> pow_count </th>
@ -796,7 +793,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Fife </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000015 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 18 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0523256 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 243 </td>
@ -814,7 +810,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> South Ayrshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000028 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0087209 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 68 </td>
@ -832,7 +827,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Inverclyde </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000018 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0058140 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 53 </td>
@ -850,7 +844,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Aberdeen City </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000033 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 15 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0436047 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 96 </td>
@ -868,7 +861,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Highland </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000017 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 21 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0610465 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 435 </td>
@ -886,7 +878,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> West Dunbartonshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000039 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0174419 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 52 </td>
@ -904,7 +895,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Moray </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000020 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 11 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0319767 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 103 </td>
@ -922,7 +912,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Orkney Islands </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000023 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0116279 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
@ -940,7 +929,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Aberdeenshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000034 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 19 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0552326 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 244 </td>
@ -958,7 +946,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> East Renfrewshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000011 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0232558 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 37 </td>
@ -976,7 +963,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Clackmannanshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000005 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0087209 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 30 </td>
@ -994,7 +980,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> East Ayrshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000008 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0116279 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 68 </td>
@ -1012,7 +997,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> North Lanarkshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000044 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 5 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0145349 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 187 </td>
@ -1030,7 +1014,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Dundee City </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000042 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0087209 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 94 </td>
@ -1048,7 +1031,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Argyll and Bute </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000035 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 18 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0523256 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 172 </td>
@ -1066,7 +1048,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Angus </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000041 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 12 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0348837 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 106 </td>
@ -1084,7 +1065,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Glasgow City </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000046 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 25 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0726744 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 329 </td>
@ -1102,7 +1082,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> East Dunbartonshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000045 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 7 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0203488 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 43 </td>
@ -1120,7 +1099,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Shetland Islands </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000027 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0087209 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 89 </td>
@ -1138,7 +1116,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Scottish Borders </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000026 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 11 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0319767 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 153 </td>
@ -1156,7 +1133,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Comhairle nan Eilean Siar </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000013 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0000000 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 114 </td>
@ -1174,7 +1150,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Renfrewshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000038 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0174419 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 84 </td>
@ -1192,7 +1167,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> North Ayrshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000021 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 7 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0203488 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 96 </td>
@ -1210,7 +1184,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> East Lothian </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000010 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0232558 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 71 </td>
@ -1228,7 +1201,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Falkirk </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000014 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0232558 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 83 </td>
@ -1246,7 +1218,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> West Lothian </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000040 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 11 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0319767 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 70 </td>
@ -1264,7 +1235,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Perth and Kinross </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000024 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 20 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0581395 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 162 </td>
@ -1282,7 +1252,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Dumfries and Galloway </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000006 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 7 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0203488 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 189 </td>
@ -1300,7 +1269,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Stirling </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000030 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 13 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0377907 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 73 </td>
@ -1318,7 +1286,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> City of Edinburgh </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000036 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 48 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.1395349 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 233 </td>
@ -1336,7 +1303,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Midlothian </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000019 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0029070 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 45 </td>
@ -1354,7 +1320,6 @@ So what did I discover? The results were inconclusive. First, it is important to
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> South Lanarkshire </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> S12000029 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 17 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 0.0494186 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;"> 176 </td>