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Jeremy Kidwell 2023-10-12 14:16:02 +01:00
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@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ div.csl-indent {
<dl class="code-annotation-container-grid"> <dl class="code-annotation-container-grid">
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-10" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-10" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-lines="1" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-10" data-code-annotation="2">We’ll re-order the column by size.</span> <span data-code-cell="annotated-cell-10" data-code-lines="1" data-code-annotation="2">We’ll re-order the column by size.</span>
</dd> </dd>
</dl> </dl>
</div> </div>
@ -596,19 +596,19 @@ div.csl-indent {
<dl class="code-annotation-container-grid"> <dl class="code-annotation-container-grid">
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="1">1</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="1">1</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-lines="1" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-annotation="1">First, remove the column with region names and the totals for the regions as we want just integer data.</span> <span data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-lines="1" data-code-annotation="1">First, remove the column with region names and the totals for the regions as we want just integer data.</span>
</dd> </dd>
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-lines="3" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-annotation="2">Second calculate the totals. In this example we use the tidyverse library <code>dplyr()</code>, but you can also do this using base R with <code>colsums()</code> like this: <code>uk_census_2021_religion_totals &lt;- colSums(uk_census_2021_religion_totals, na.rm = TRUE)</code>. The downside with base R is that you’ll also need to convert the result into a dataframe for <code>ggplot</code> like this: <code>uk_census_2021_religion_totals &lt;- as.data.frame(uk_census_2021_religion_totals)</code></span> <span data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-lines="3" data-code-annotation="2">Second calculate the totals. In this example we use the tidyverse library <code>dplyr()</code>, but you can also do this using base R with <code>colsums()</code> like this: <code>uk_census_2021_religion_totals &lt;- colSums(uk_census_2021_religion_totals, na.rm = TRUE)</code>. The downside with base R is that you’ll also need to convert the result into a dataframe for <code>ggplot</code> like this: <code>uk_census_2021_religion_totals &lt;- as.data.frame(uk_census_2021_religion_totals)</code></span>
</dd> </dd>
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="3">3</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="3">3</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-lines="4" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-annotation="3">In order to visualise this data using ggplot, we need to shift this data from wide to long format. This is a quick job using gather()</span> <span data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-lines="4" data-code-annotation="3">In order to visualise this data using ggplot, we need to shift this data from wide to long format. This is a quick job using gather()</span>
</dd> </dd>
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="4">4</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-target-annotation="4">4</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-lines="5" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-annotation="4">Now plot it out and have a look!</span> <span data-code-cell="annotated-cell-11" data-code-lines="5" data-code-annotation="4">Now plot it out and have a look!</span>
</dd> </dd>
</dl> </dl>
</div> </div>
@ -712,48 +712,47 @@ What is Nomis?
</div> </div>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Get table of Census 2011 religion data from nomis</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Get table of Census 2011 religion data from nomis</span></span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Note: for reproducible code used to generate the dataset used in the book, see the cookbook here: </span></span> <span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z.rds"</span>)))</span>
<span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z.rds"</span>)))</span> <span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-4"><a href="#cb18-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-4"><a href="#cb18-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span>
<span id="cb18-5"><a href="#cb18-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span> <span id="cb18-5"><a href="#cb18-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(z, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> RURAL_URBAN_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"Total"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb18-6"><a href="#cb18-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(z, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> RURAL_URBAN_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"Total"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span>)</span> <span id="cb18-6"><a href="#cb18-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Drop unnecessary columns</span></span>
<span id="cb18-7"><a href="#cb18-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Drop unnecessary columns</span></span> <span id="cb18-7"><a href="#cb18-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(uk_census_2011_religion, C_RELPUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span>
<span id="cb18-8"><a href="#cb18-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(uk_census_2011_religion, C_RELPUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span> <span id="cb18-8"><a href="#cb18-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Plot results</span></span>
<span id="cb18-9"><a href="#cb18-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Plot results</span></span> <span id="cb18-9"><a href="#cb18-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>plot1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_census_2011_religion, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">y =</span> OBS_VALUE)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">90</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="dv">1</span>))</span>
<span id="cb18-10"><a href="#cb18-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>plot1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_census_2011_religion, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">y =</span> OBS_VALUE)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">90</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="dv">1</span>))</span> <span id="cb18-10"><a href="#cb18-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># ggsave(filename = "plot.png", plot = plot1)</span></span>
<span id="cb18-11"><a href="#cb18-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># ggsave(filename = "plot.png", plot = plot1)</span></span> <span id="cb18-11"><a href="#cb18-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-12"><a href="#cb18-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-12"><a href="#cb18-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab daata from nomis for 2001 census religion / ethnicity</span></span>
<span id="cb18-13"><a href="#cb18-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab daata from nomis for 2001 census religion / ethnicity</span></span> <span id="cb18-13"><a href="#cb18-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z0 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z0.rds"</span>)))</span>
<span id="cb18-14"><a href="#cb18-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z0 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z0.rds"</span>)))</span> <span id="cb18-14"><a href="#cb18-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-15"><a href="#cb18-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-15"><a href="#cb18-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span>
<span id="cb18-16"><a href="#cb18-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span> <span id="cb18-16"><a href="#cb18-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z0, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C_RELPUK11_NAME, C_ETHHUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span>
<span id="cb18-17"><a href="#cb18-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z0, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C_RELPUK11_NAME, C_ETHHUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span> <span id="cb18-17"><a href="#cb18-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span>
<span id="cb18-18"><a href="#cb18-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span> <span id="cb18-18"><a href="#cb18-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb18-19"><a href="#cb18-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span>)</span> <span id="cb18-19"><a href="#cb18-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Simplify data to only include general totals and omit subcategories</span></span>
<span id="cb18-20"><a href="#cb18-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Simplify data to only include general totals and omit subcategories</span></span> <span id="cb18-20"><a href="#cb18-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">grepl</span>(<span class="st">'Total'</span>, C_ETHHUK11_NAME))</span>
<span id="cb18-21"><a href="#cb18-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> uk_census_2001_religion_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">grepl</span>(<span class="st">'Total'</span>, C_ETHHUK11_NAME))</span> <span id="cb18-21"><a href="#cb18-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-22"><a href="#cb18-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-22"><a href="#cb18-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab data from nomis for 2011 census religion / ethnicity table</span></span>
<span id="cb18-23"><a href="#cb18-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab data from nomis for 2011 census religion / ethnicity table</span></span> <span id="cb18-23"><a href="#cb18-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z1.rds"</span>)))</span>
<span id="cb18-24"><a href="#cb18-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z1.rds"</span>)))</span> <span id="cb18-24"><a href="#cb18-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-25"><a href="#cb18-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-25"><a href="#cb18-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span>
<span id="cb18-26"><a href="#cb18-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span> <span id="cb18-26"><a href="#cb18-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z1, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C_RELPUK11_NAME, C_ETHPUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span>
<span id="cb18-27"><a href="#cb18-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z1, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C_RELPUK11_NAME, C_ETHPUK11_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span> <span id="cb18-27"><a href="#cb18-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span>
<span id="cb18-28"><a href="#cb18-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span> <span id="cb18-28"><a href="#cb18-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_ETHPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Ethnic group"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb18-29"><a href="#cb18-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_RELPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Religion"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C_ETHPUK11_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"All categories: Ethnic group"</span>)</span> <span id="cb18-29"><a href="#cb18-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Simplify data to only include general totals and omit subcategories</span></span>
<span id="cb18-30"><a href="#cb18-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Simplify data to only include general totals and omit subcategories</span></span> <span id="cb18-30"><a href="#cb18-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">grepl</span>(<span class="st">'Total'</span>, C_ETHPUK11_NAME))</span>
<span id="cb18-31"><a href="#cb18-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">grepl</span>(<span class="st">'Total'</span>, C_ETHPUK11_NAME))</span> <span id="cb18-31"><a href="#cb18-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-32"><a href="#cb18-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-32"><a href="#cb18-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab data from nomis for 2021 census religion / ethnicity table</span></span>
<span id="cb18-33"><a href="#cb18-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># grab data from nomis for 2021 census religion / ethnicity table</span></span> <span id="cb18-33"><a href="#cb18-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z2 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z2.rds"</span>)))</span>
<span id="cb18-34"><a href="#cb18-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>z2 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="at">file =</span> (<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"z2.rds"</span>)))</span> <span id="cb18-34"><a href="#cb18-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-35"><a href="#cb18-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-35"><a href="#cb18-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span>
<span id="cb18-36"><a href="#cb18-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select relevant columns</span></span> <span id="cb18-36"><a href="#cb18-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z2, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C2021_RELIGION_10_NAME, C2021_ETH_8_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span>
<span id="cb18-37"><a href="#cb18-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(z2, GEOGRAPHY_NAME, C2021_RELIGION_10_NAME, C2021_ETH_8_NAME, OBS_VALUE)</span> <span id="cb18-37"><a href="#cb18-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span>
<span id="cb18-38"><a href="#cb18-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals</span></span> <span id="cb18-38"><a href="#cb18-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_RELIGION_10_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb18-39"><a href="#cb18-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity, GEOGRAPHY_NAME<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"England and Wales"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_RELIGION_10_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span>)</span> <span id="cb18-39"><a href="#cb18-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 2021 census includes white sub-groups so we need to omit those so we just have totals:</span></span>
<span id="cb18-40"><a href="#cb18-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 2021 census includes white sub-groups so we need to omit those so we just have totals:</span></span> <span id="cb18-40"><a href="#cb18-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity, C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: Irish"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller, Roma or Other White"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb18-41"><a href="#cb18-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(uk_census_2021_religion_ethnicity, C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: Irish"</span> <span class="sc">&amp;</span> C2021_ETH_8_NAME <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="st">"White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller, Roma or Other White"</span>)</span> <span id="cb18-41"><a href="#cb18-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-42"><a href="#cb18-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb18-42"><a href="#cb18-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">fill=</span>C_ETHPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">x=</span>C_RELPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">y=</span>OBS_VALUE)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">position=</span><span class="st">"dodge"</span>, <span class="at">stat =</span><span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"black"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">scale_fill_brewer</span>(<span class="at">palette =</span> <span class="st">"Set1"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Religious Affiliation in the 2021 Census of England and Wales"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">xlab</span>(<span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">ylab</span>(<span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">90</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="dv">1</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<span id="cb18-43"><a href="#cb18-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_census_2011_religion_ethnicity, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">fill=</span>C_ETHPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">x=</span>C_RELPUK11_NAME, <span class="at">y=</span>OBS_VALUE)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">position=</span><span class="st">"dodge"</span>, <span class="at">stat =</span><span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"black"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">scale_fill_brewer</span>(<span class="at">palette =</span> <span class="st">"Set1"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Religious Affiliation in the 2021 Census of England and Wales"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">xlab</span>(<span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">ylab</span>(<span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">90</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="dv">1</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<p><img src="chapter_1_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p> <p><img src="chapter_1_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
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@ -272,31 +272,15 @@ div.csl-indent {
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># R Setup -----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># R Setup -----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">setwd</span>(<span class="st">"/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion"</span>)</span> <span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">setwd</span>(<span class="st">"/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(here)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(here) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr"> <span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<pre><code>here() starts at /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook</code></pre> <span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># used for importing SPSS .sav files</span></span>
</div> <span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(haven) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">i_am</span>(<span class="st">"chapter_2.qmd"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>-- Attaching core tidyverse packages ------------------------ tidyverse 2.0.0 --
v dplyr 1.1.3 v readr 2.1.4
v forcats 1.0.0 v stringr 1.5.0
v ggplot2 3.4.3 v tibble 3.2.1
v lubridate 1.9.3 v tidyr 1.3.0
v purrr 1.0.2 </code></pre>
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<pre><code>-- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
i Use the conflicted package (&lt;http://conflicted.r-lib.org/&gt;) to force all conflicts to become errors</code></pre>
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(haven) <span class="co"># used for importing SPSS .sav files</span></span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">i_am</span>(<span class="st">"chapter_2.qmd"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>here() starts at /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion</code></pre> <pre><code>here() starts at /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion</code></pre>
</div> </div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>climate_experience_data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">read_sav</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"climate_experience_data.sav"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>climate_experience_data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">read_sav</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"example_data"</span>, <span class="st">"climate_experience_data.sav"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<p>The first thing to note here is that we’ve drawn in a different type of data file, this time from an <code>.sav</code> file, usully produced by the statistics software package SPSS. This uses a different R Library (I use <code>haven</code> for this). The upside is that in some cases where you have survey data with both a code and a value like “1” is eqivalent to “very much agree” this will preserve both in the R dataframe that is created. Now that you’ve loaded in data, you have a new R dataframe called “climate_experience_data” with a lot of columns with just under 1000 survey responses.</p> <p>The first thing to note here is that we’ve drawn in a different type of data file, this time from an <code>.sav</code> file, usully produced by the statistics software package SPSS. This uses a different R Library (I use <code>haven</code> for this). The upside is that in some cases where you have survey data with both a code and a value like “1” is eqivalent to “very much agree” this will preserve both in the R dataframe that is created. Now that you’ve loaded in data, you have a new R dataframe called “climate_experience_data” with a lot of columns with just under 1000 survey responses.</p>
</section> </section>
@ -334,9 +318,9 @@ So <em>who’s</em> religious?
</div> </div>
<p>Let’s dive into the data and see how this all works out. We’ll start with the question 56 data, around religious affiliation:</p> <p>Let’s dive into the data and see how this all works out. We’ll start with the question 56 data, around religious affiliation:</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-5-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">as_tibble</span>(<span class="fu">as_factor</span>(climate_experience_data<span class="sc">$</span>Q56))</span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-3-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">as_tibble</span>(<span class="fu">as_factor</span>(climate_experience_data<span class="sc">$</span>Q56))</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-5-2"><a href="#annotated-cell-5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(religious_affiliation) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"response"</span>)</span> <span id="annotated-cell-3-2"><a href="#annotated-cell-3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(religious_affiliation) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"response"</span>)</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-5-3"><a href="#annotated-cell-5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(religious_affiliation, <span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(response))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="annotated-cell-3-3"><a href="#annotated-cell-3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(religious_affiliation, <span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(response))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<p>There are few things we need to do here to get the data into initial proper shape. This might be called “cleaning” the data:</p> <p>There are few things we need to do here to get the data into initial proper shape. This might be called “cleaning” the data:</p>
<ol type="1"> <ol type="1">
@ -346,31 +330,31 @@ So <em>who’s</em> religious?
</ol> </ol>
<p>If we pause at this point to view the data, you’ll see it’s basically just a long list of survey responses. What we need is a count of each unique response (or <code>factor</code>). This will take a few more steps:</p> <p>If we pause at this point to view the data, you’ll see it’s basically just a long list of survey responses. What we need is a count of each unique response (or <code>factor</code>). This will take a few more steps:</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy code-annotated"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-6-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy code-annotated"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-4-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="1" onclick="event.preventDefault();">1</a><span id="annotated-cell-6-2" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">count</span>(response, <span class="at">sort =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span> <a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="1" onclick="event.preventDefault();">1</a><span id="annotated-cell-4-2" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">count</span>(response, <span class="at">sort =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="2" onclick="event.preventDefault();">2</a><span id="annotated-cell-6-3" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">response =</span> forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_rev</span>(forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_inorder</span>(response)))</span> <a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="2" onclick="event.preventDefault();">2</a><span id="annotated-cell-4-3" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">response =</span> forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_rev</span>(forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_inorder</span>(response)))</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-6-4"><a href="#annotated-cell-6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation_sums <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span> <span id="annotated-cell-4-4"><a href="#annotated-cell-4-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation_sums <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="3" onclick="event.preventDefault();">3</a><span id="annotated-cell-6-5" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">perc =</span> scales<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">percent</span>(n <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(n), <span class="at">accuracy =</span> .<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">trim =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>))</span><div class="code-annotation-gutter-bg"></div><div class="code-annotation-gutter"></div></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <a class="code-annotation-anchor" data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="3" onclick="event.preventDefault();">3</a><span id="annotated-cell-4-5" class="code-annotation-target"><a href="#annotated-cell-4-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">perc =</span> scales<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">percent</span>(n <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(n), <span class="at">accuracy =</span> .<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">trim =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>))</span><div class="code-annotation-gutter-bg"></div><div class="code-annotation-gutter"></div></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-annotation"> <div class="cell-annotation">
<dl class="code-annotation-container-grid"> <dl class="code-annotation-container-grid">
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="1">1</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="1">1</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-annotation="1" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-code-lines="2">First we generate new a dataframe with sums per category and</span> <span data-code-annotation="1" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-code-lines="2">First we generate new a dataframe with sums per category and</span>
</dd> </dd>
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="2">2</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-annotation="2" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-code-lines="3">…sort in descending order</span> <span data-code-annotation="2" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-code-lines="3">…sort in descending order</span>
</dd> </dd>
<dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-target-annotation="3">3</dt> <dt data-target-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-target-annotation="3">3</dt>
<dd> <dd>
<span data-code-annotation="3" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-6" data-code-lines="5">Then we add new column with percentages based on the sums you’ve just generated</span> <span data-code-annotation="3" data-code-cell="annotated-cell-4" data-code-lines="5">Then we add new column with percentages based on the sums you’ve just generated</span>
</dd> </dd>
</dl> </dl>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>
<p>That should give us a tidy table of results, which you can see if you view the contents of our new <code>religious_affiliation_sums</code> dataframe:</p> <p>That should give us a tidy table of results, which you can see if you view the contents of our new <code>religious_affiliation_sums</code> dataframe:</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(religious_affiliation_sums)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(religious_affiliation_sums)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 6 x 3 <pre><code># A tibble: 6 x 3
response n perc response n perc
@ -384,13 +368,13 @@ So <em>who’s</em> religious?
</div> </div>
</div> </div>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># make plot</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># make plot</span></span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(religious_affiliation_sums, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> n, <span class="at">y =</span> response)) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(religious_affiliation_sums, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> n, <span class="at">y =</span> response)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> </span> <span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="do">## add percentage labels</span></span> <span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="do">## add percentage labels</span></span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label =</span> perc),</span> <span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label =</span> perc),</span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="do">## make labels left-aligned and white</span></span> <span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="do">## make labels left-aligned and white</span></span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">nudge_x =</span> <span class="sc">-</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">nudge_x =</span> <span class="sc">-</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display"> <div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img src="chapter_2_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p> <p><img src="chapter_2_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
</div> </div>
@ -398,20 +382,20 @@ So <em>who’s</em> religious?
<p>I’ve added one feature to our chart that wasn’t in the bar charts in chapter 1, text labels with the actual value on each bar.</p> <p>I’ve added one feature to our chart that wasn’t in the bar charts in chapter 1, text labels with the actual value on each bar.</p>
<p>You may be thinking about the plots we’ve just finished in chapter 1 and wondering how they compare. Let’s use the same facet approach that we’ve just used to render this data in a subsetted way.</p> <p>You may be thinking about the plots we’ve just finished in chapter 1 and wondering how they compare. Let’s use the same facet approach that we’ve just used to render this data in a subsetted way.</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-9-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># First we need to add in data on ethnic self-identification from our respondents:</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="annotated-cell-7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-annotation-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="annotated-cell-7-1"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># First we need to add in data on ethnic self-identification from our respondents:</span></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-2"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(climate_experience_data, Q56, Q0)</span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-2"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(climate_experience_data, Q56, Q0)</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-3"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">as_tibble</span>(<span class="fu">as_factor</span>(df))</span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-3"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_ethnicity <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">as_tibble</span>(<span class="fu">as_factor</span>(df))</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-4"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(religious_affiliation_ethnicity) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Religion"</span>, <span class="st">"Ethnicity"</span>)</span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-4"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(religious_affiliation_ethnicity) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Religion"</span>, <span class="st">"Ethnicity"</span>)</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-5"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-5"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-6"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_ethnicity_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-6"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>religious_affiliation_ethnicity_sums <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> religious_affiliation_ethnicity <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-7"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(Ethnicity) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-7"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(Ethnicity) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-8"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">count</span>(Religion, <span class="at">sort =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-8"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">count</span>(Religion, <span class="at">sort =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-9"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Religion =</span> forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_rev</span>(forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_inorder</span>(Religion)))</span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-9"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Religion =</span> forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_rev</span>(forcats<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fct_inorder</span>(Religion)))</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-10"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-10"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-11"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>plot1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(religious_affiliation_ethnicity_sums, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> n, <span class="at">y =</span> Religion)) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-11"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>plot1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(religious_affiliation_ethnicity_sums, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> n, <span class="at">y =</span> Religion)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-12"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="sc">~</span>Ethnicity, <span class="at">scales=</span><span class="st">"free_x"</span>)</span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-12"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="sc">~</span>Ethnicity, <span class="at">scales=</span><span class="st">"free_x"</span>)</span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-13"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="annotated-cell-7-13"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="annotated-cell-9-14"><a href="#annotated-cell-9-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="st">"chart.png"</span>, <span class="at">plot=</span>plot1, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">units=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"in"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="annotated-cell-7-14"><a href="#annotated-cell-7-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="st">"chart.png"</span>, <span class="at">plot=</span>plot1, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">units=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"in"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<p>Use mutate to put “prefer not to say” at the bottom # Info here: https://r4ds.had.co.nz/factors.html#modifying-factor-levels</p> <p>Use mutate to put “prefer not to say” at the bottom # Info here: https://r4ds.had.co.nz/factors.html#modifying-factor-levels</p>
</section> </section>

244
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@ -249,142 +249,114 @@ div.csl-indent {
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(sf) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(sf) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(here) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span> <span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(here) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span> <span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse) </span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">setwd</span>(<span class="st">"/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion"</span>)</span> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">i_am</span>(<span class="st">"chapter_3.qmd"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <pre><code>-- Attaching core tidyverse packages ------------------------ tidyverse 2.0.0 --
v dplyr 1.1.3 v readr 2.1.4
v forcats 1.0.0 v stringr 1.5.0
v ggplot2 3.4.3 v tibble 3.2.1
v lubridate 1.9.3 v tidyr 1.3.0
v purrr 1.0.2
-- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
i Use the conflicted package (&lt;http://conflicted.r-lib.org/&gt;) to force all conflicts to become errors</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># better video device, more accurate and faster rendering, esp. on macos. Also should enable system fonts for display</span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ragg) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">setwd</span>(<span class="st">"/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">i_am</span>(<span class="st">"chapter_3.qmd"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>here() starts at /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion</code></pre> <pre><code>here() starts at /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion</code></pre>
</div> </div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at country level</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at country level</span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span> <span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span> <span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span> <span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_countries <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Reading layer `infuse_uk_2011_clipped' from data source
`/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 3 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: -69.1254 ymin: 5337.9 xmax: 655604.7 ymax: 1220302
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at regions level</span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span> <span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_rgn <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_countries <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout"> <span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<pre><code>Reading layer `infuse_rgn_2011_clipped' from data source <span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at regions level</span></span>
`/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp' <span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
using driver `ESRI Shapefile' <span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span>
Simple feature collection with 9 features and 2 fields <span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span>
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON <span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
Dimension: XY <span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uk_rgn <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
Bounding box: xmin: 82672 ymin: 5337.9 xmax: 655604.7 ymax: 657534.1 <span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre> <span id="cb5-15"><a href="#cb5-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at local authority level</span></span>
</div> <span id="cb5-16"><a href="#cb5-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at local authority level</span></span> <span id="cb5-17"><a href="#cb5-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span> <span id="cb5-18"><a href="#cb5-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>)</span> <span id="cb5-19"><a href="#cb5-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="st">"data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip"</span>, <span class="at">exdir =</span> <span class="st">"data"</span>)</span> <span id="cb5-20"><a href="#cb5-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>local_authorities <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span> <span id="cb5-21"><a href="#cb5-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>local_authorities <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb5-22"><a href="#cb5-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download building outlines for whole UK</span></span>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout"> <span id="cb5-23"><a href="#cb5-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
<pre><code>Reading layer `infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped' from data source <span id="cb5-24"><a href="#cb5-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://zenodo.org/record/6395804/files/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_overlay_simplified.gpkg"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>))}</span>
`/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp' <span id="cb5-25"><a href="#cb5-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>local_authorities_buildings_clip <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 404 features and 3 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: -69.1254 ymin: 5337.9 xmax: 655604.7 ymax: 1220302
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download building outlines for whole UK</span></span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>)) <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) {</span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="st">"https://zenodo.org/record/6395804/files/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_overlay_simplified.gpkg"</span>, <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>))}</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>local_authorities_buildings_clip <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Reading layer `infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100_buildings_overlay_simplified' from data source `/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg'
using driver `GPKG'
Simple feature collection with 403 features and 0 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: -69.1254 ymin: 5524.797 xmax: 655986.4 ymax: 1219597
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div>
</div> </div>
<p>Before we move on, let’s plot a simple map and have a look at one of our administrative layers. We can use ggplot with a new type of shape <code>geom_sf()</code> to plot the contents of a geospatial data file with polygons which is loaded as a <code>simplefeature</code> in R.</p> <p>Before we move on, let’s plot a simple map and have a look at one of our administrative layers. We can use ggplot with a new type of shape <code>geom_sf()</code> to plot the contents of a geospatial data file with polygons which is loaded as a <code>simplefeature</code> in R.</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_countries) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(bench) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_sf</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">bench_time</span>(<span class="fu">ggplot</span>(uk_countries) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_sf</span>())</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<p><img src="chapter_3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p> <pre><code>process real
6.83ms 7.05ms </code></pre>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>
</section> </section>
<section id="load-in-ordnance-survey-openmap-points-data" class="level1" data-number="6"> <section id="load-in-ordnance-survey-openmap-points-data" class="level1" data-number="6">
<h1 data-number="6"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Load in Ordnance Survey OpenMap Points Data</h1> <h1 data-number="6"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Load in Ordnance Survey OpenMap Points Data</h1>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been </span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been </span></span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R</span></span> <span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R</span></span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>os_openmap_pow <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"os_openmap_pow.gpkg"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>os_openmap_pow <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"os_openmap_pow.gpkg"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">bench_time</span>(<span class="fu">ggplot</span>(os_openmap_pow) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_sf</span>())</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Reading layer `os_openmap_pow' from data source <pre><code>process real
`/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/os_openmap_pow.gpkg' 1.17ms 1.15ms </code></pre>
using driver `GPKG'
Simple feature collection with 48759 features and 5 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 64594.12 ymin: 8287.54 xmax: 655238.1 ymax: 1214662
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(os_openmap_pow) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_sf</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img src="chapter_3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>
<p>It’s worth noting that the way that you load geospatial data in R has changed quite dramatically since 2020 with the introduction of the simplefeature class in R. Much of the documentation you will come across “out there” will make reference to a set of functions which are now deprecated.</p> <p>It’s worth noting that the way that you load geospatial data in R has changed quite dramatically since 2020 with the introduction of the simplefeature class in R. Much of the documentation you will come across “out there” will make reference to a set of functions which are now deprecated.</p>
<p>Let’s use that data we’ve just loaded to make our first map:</p> <p>Let’s use that data we’ve just loaded to make our first map:</p>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Generate choropleth map of respondent locations</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Generate choropleth map of respondent locations</span></span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># using temporary palette here so that 0s are white</span></span> <span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># using temporary palette here so that 0s are white</span></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tmap) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span> <span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tmap) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> <span class="fu">suppressPackageStartupMessages</span>()</span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href="#cb15-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># palette &lt;- c(white, "#a8ddb5", "#43a2ca")</span></span> <span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># palette &lt;- c(white, "#a8ddb5", "#43a2ca")</span></span>
<span id="cb15-5"><a href="#cb15-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>map1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">tm_shape</span>(local_authorities) <span class="sc">+</span> </span> <span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb15-6"><a href="#cb15-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># tm_fill(col = "surveys_count", , palette = palette, title = "Concentration of survey respondents") +</span></span> <span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>map1 <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">tm_shape</span>(local_authorities) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb15-7"><a href="#cb15-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_borders</span>(<span class="at">alpha=</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">lwd=</span><span class="fl">0.1</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># tm_fill(col = "surveys_count", , palette = palette, title = "Concentration of survey respondents") +</span></span>
<span id="cb15-8"><a href="#cb15-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># for intermediate polygon geometries</span></span> <span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_borders</span>(<span class="at">alpha=</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">lwd=</span><span class="fl">0.1</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-9"><a href="#cb15-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_shape(local_authorities) +</span></span> <span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># for intermediate polygon geometries</span></span>
<span id="cb15-10"><a href="#cb15-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_borders(lwd=0.6) +</span></span> <span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_shape(local_authorities) +</span></span>
<span id="cb15-11"><a href="#cb15-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># for dots from original dataset</span></span> <span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_borders(lwd=0.6) +</span></span>
<span id="cb15-12"><a href="#cb15-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_dots("red", size = .05, alpha = .4) +</span></span> <span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># for dots from original dataset</span></span>
<span id="cb15-13"><a href="#cb15-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_scale_bar</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"right"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tm_dots("red", size = .05, alpha = .4) +</span></span>
<span id="cb15-14"><a href="#cb15-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_style</span>(<span class="st">"gray"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="cb10-14"><a href="#cb10-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_scale_bar</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"right"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-15"><a href="#cb15-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_credits</span>(<span class="st">"Data: UK Data Service (OGL)</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">&amp; Jeremy H. Kidwell,</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">Graphic is CC-by-SA 4.0"</span>, </span> <span id="cb10-15"><a href="#cb10-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_style</span>(<span class="st">"gray"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-16"><a href="#cb15-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fl">0.4</span>, </span> <span id="cb10-16"><a href="#cb10-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_credits</span>(<span class="st">"Data: UK Data Service (OGL)</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">&amp; Jeremy H. Kidwell,</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">Graphic is CC-by-SA 4.0"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb15-17"><a href="#cb15-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"left"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>),</span> <span id="cb10-17"><a href="#cb10-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fl">0.4</span>, </span>
<span id="cb15-18"><a href="#cb15-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">just =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"left"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>),</span> <span id="cb10-18"><a href="#cb10-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"left"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb15-19"><a href="#cb15-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">align =</span> <span class="st">"left"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span> <span id="cb10-19"><a href="#cb10-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">just =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"left"</span>, <span class="st">"bottom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb15-20"><a href="#cb15-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_layout</span>(<span class="at">asp =</span> <span class="cn">NA</span>,</span> <span id="cb10-20"><a href="#cb10-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">align =</span> <span class="st">"left"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-21"><a href="#cb15-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">frame =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>, </span> <span id="cb10-21"><a href="#cb10-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tm_layout</span>(<span class="at">asp =</span> <span class="cn">NA</span>,</span>
<span id="cb15-22"><a href="#cb15-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Figure 1a"</span>, </span> <span id="cb10-22"><a href="#cb10-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">frame =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>, </span>
<span id="cb15-23"><a href="#cb15-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title.size =</span> .<span class="dv">7</span>,</span> <span id="cb10-23"><a href="#cb10-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Figure 1a"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb15-24"><a href="#cb15-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend.title.size =</span> .<span class="dv">7</span>,</span> <span id="cb10-24"><a href="#cb10-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title.size =</span> .<span class="dv">7</span>,</span>
<span id="cb15-25"><a href="#cb15-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inner.margins =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="fl">0.1</span>, <span class="fl">0.1</span>, <span class="fl">0.05</span>, <span class="fl">0.05</span>)</span> <span id="cb10-25"><a href="#cb10-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend.title.size =</span> .<span class="dv">7</span>,</span>
<span id="cb15-26"><a href="#cb15-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span> <span id="cb10-26"><a href="#cb10-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inner.margins =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="fl">0.1</span>, <span class="fl">0.1</span>, <span class="fl">0.05</span>, <span class="fl">0.05</span>)</span>
<span id="cb15-27"><a href="#cb15-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb10-27"><a href="#cb10-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb15-28"><a href="#cb15-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>map1</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb10-28"><a href="#cb10-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-29"><a href="#cb10-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>map1</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display"> <div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img src="chapter_3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p> <p><img src="chapter_3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
</div> </div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># save image</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># save image</span></span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">tmap_save</span>(map1, <span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"figures"</span>, <span class="st">"map.png"</span>), <span class="at">width=</span><span class="dv">1920</span>, <span class="at">height=</span><span class="dv">1080</span>, <span class="at">asp=</span><span class="dv">0</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">tmap_save</span>(map1, <span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"figures"</span>, <span class="st">"map.png"</span>), <span class="at">width=</span><span class="dv">1920</span>, <span class="at">height=</span><span class="dv">1080</span>, <span class="at">asp=</span><span class="dv">0</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr"> <div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Map saved to /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/figures/map.png</code></pre> <pre><code>Map saved to /Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/figures/map.png</code></pre>
</div> </div>
@ -396,35 +368,29 @@ Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># subsetting ordnance survey openmap data for measuring clusters and proximity</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># subsetting ordnance survey openmap data for measuring clusters and proximity</span></span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href="#cb20-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>os_openmap_important_buildings <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"os_openmap_important_buildings.gpkg"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>os_openmap_important_buildings <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">st_read</span>(<span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"data"</span>, <span class="st">"os_openmap_important_buildings.gpkg"</span>), <span class="at">quiet =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout"> <span id="cb15-4"><a href="#cb15-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<pre><code>Reading layer `important_buildings' from data source <span id="cb15-5"><a href="#cb15-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># add pubs, check_cashing, pawnbrokers, SSSI</span></span>
`/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion/data/os_openmap_important_buildings.gpkg' <span id="cb15-6"><a href="#cb15-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="do">## subsets</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
using driver `GPKG'
Simple feature collection with 229800 features and 5 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 64594.12 ymin: 8125.44 xmax: 655500.5 ymax: 1214662
Projected CRS: OSGB36 / British National Grid</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># add pubs, check_cashing, pawnbrokers, SSSI</span></span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="do">## subsets</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<ol type="1">
<li>Count the number of churches in Local Authorities</li>
</ol>
<div class="cell"> <div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># OSM data</span></span> <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># OSM data</span></span>
<span id="cb23-2"><a href="#cb23-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been </span></span> <span id="cb16-3"><a href="#cb16-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been </span></span>
<span id="cb23-4"><a href="#cb23-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R</span></span> <span id="cb16-4"><a href="#cb16-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R</span></span>
<span id="cb23-5"><a href="#cb23-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb16-5"><a href="#cb16-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-6"><a href="#cb23-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span> <span id="cb16-6"><a href="#cb16-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-7"><a href="#cb23-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># osm_uk_points &lt;- st_read(system.file(here("data", "pow_osm.gpkg", package = "spData")))</span></span> <span id="cb16-7"><a href="#cb16-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># osm_uk_points &lt;- st_read(system.file(here("data", "pow_osm.gpkg", package = "spData")))</span></span>
<span id="cb23-8"><a href="#cb23-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># vector_filepath = system.file("data/osm-gb-2018Aug29_pow_osm.pbf", package = "sf")</span></span> <span id="cb16-8"><a href="#cb16-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># vector_filepath = system.file("data/osm-gb-2018Aug29_pow_osm.pbf", package = "sf")</span></span>
<span id="cb23-9"><a href="#cb23-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># osm_uk_points = st_read(vector_filepath)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div> <span id="cb16-9"><a href="#cb16-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># osm_uk_points = st_read(vector_filepath)</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<p>Guides to geographies: https://rconsortium.github.io/censusguide/ https://ocsi.uk/2019/03/18/lsoas-leps-and-lookups-a-beginners-guide-to-statistical-geographies/</p> <p>Guides to geographies: https://rconsortium.github.io/censusguide/ https://ocsi.uk/2019/03/18/lsoas-leps-and-lookups-a-beginners-guide-to-statistical-geographies/</p>
<p>Extact places of worship from Ordnance survey open data set Calculate proximity to pubs</p> <p>Calculate proximity to pubs</p>
</section> </section>
<section id="references" class="level1 unnumbered"> <section id="references" class="level1 unnumbered">
<h1 class="unnumbered">References</h1> <h1 class="unnumbered">References</h1>

6
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Let's start by importing some data into R. Because R is what is called an object
In the example below, we're going to read in data from a comma separated value file ("csv") which has rows of information on separate lines in a text file with each column separated by a comma. This is one of the standard plain text file formats. R has a function you can use to import this efficiently called "read.csv". Each line of code in R usually starts with the object, and then follows with instructions on what we're going to put inside it, where that comes from, and how to format it: In the example below, we're going to read in data from a comma separated value file ("csv") which has rows of information on separate lines in a text file with each column separated by a comma. This is one of the standard plain text file formats. R has a function you can use to import this efficiently called "read.csv". Each line of code in R usually starts with the object, and then follows with instructions on what we're going to put inside it, where that comes from, and how to format it:
```{r} ```{r, results = 'hide'}
#| include: true #| include: true
#| label: fig-polar #| label: fig-polar
setwd("/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion") setwd("/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion")
@ -215,7 +215,6 @@ If you want to draw some data from the nomis platform yourself in R, have a look
```{r} ```{r}
# Get table of Census 2011 religion data from nomis # Get table of Census 2011 religion data from nomis
# Note: for reproducible code used to generate the dataset used in the book, see the cookbook here:
z <- readRDS(file = (here("example_data", "z.rds"))) z <- readRDS(file = (here("example_data", "z.rds")))
# Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals # Filter down to simplified dataset with England / Wales and percentages without totals

9
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@ -10,12 +10,13 @@ We've decided to open up access to our data and I'm highlighting it in this book
# Loading in some data # Loading in some data
```{r} ```{r, results = 'hide'}
# R Setup ----------------------------------------------------------------- # R Setup -----------------------------------------------------------------
setwd("/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion") setwd("/Users/kidwellj/gits/hacking_religion_textbook/hacking_religion")
library(here) library(here) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
library(tidyverse) library(tidyverse) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
library(haven) # used for importing SPSS .sav files # used for importing SPSS .sav files
library(haven) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
here::i_am("chapter_2.qmd") here::i_am("chapter_2.qmd")
climate_experience_data <- read_sav(here("example_data", "climate_experience_data.sav")) climate_experience_data <- read_sav(here("example_data", "climate_experience_data.sav"))
``` ```

27
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Now that you have a sense of some of the basic aspects of geospatial data, let's
A good starting point is to aquire some adminstrative data. This is a way of referring to political boundaries, whether country borders or those of a local authority or some other administrative unit. For our purposes, we're going to import several different types of administrative boundary which will be used at different points in our visualisations below. It's worth noting that the data we use here was prepared to support the 2011 census, and make use of the shapefile format. A good starting point is to aquire some adminstrative data. This is a way of referring to political boundaries, whether country borders or those of a local authority or some other administrative unit. For our purposes, we're going to import several different types of administrative boundary which will be used at different points in our visualisations below. It's worth noting that the data we use here was prepared to support the 2011 census, and make use of the shapefile format.
```{R} ```{r, results = 'hide'}
library(sf) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages() library(sf) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
library(here) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages() library(here) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
library(tidyverse) library(tidyverse)
@ -36,46 +36,43 @@ if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp")) == FALSE) {
download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip") download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip")
unzip("data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data") unzip("data/infuse_uk_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data")
} }
uk_countries <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp")) uk_countries <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_uk_2011_clipped.shp"), quiet = TRUE)
# Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at regions level # Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at regions level
if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp")) == FALSE) { if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp")) == FALSE) {
download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip") download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip")
unzip("data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data") unzip("data/infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data")
} }
uk_rgn <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp")) uk_rgn <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_rgn_2011_clipped.shp"), quiet = TRUE)
# Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at local authority level # Download administrative boundaries for whole UK at local authority level
if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp")) == FALSE) { if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp")) == FALSE) {
download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip") download.file("https://borders.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ukborders/easy_download/prebuilt/shape/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip", destfile = "data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip")
unzip("data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data") unzip("data/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.zip", exdir = "data")
} }
local_authorities <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp")) local_authorities <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_clipped.shp"), quiet = TRUE)
# Download building outlines for whole UK # Download building outlines for whole UK
if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg")) == FALSE) { if (file.exists(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg")) == FALSE) {
download.file("https://zenodo.org/record/6395804/files/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_overlay_simplified.gpkg", destfile = here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"))} download.file("https://zenodo.org/record/6395804/files/infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_overlay_simplified.gpkg", destfile = here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"))}
local_authorities_buildings_clip <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg")) local_authorities_buildings_clip <- st_read(here("data", "infuse_dist_lyr_2011_simplified_100m_buildings_simplified.gpkg"), quiet = TRUE)
``` ```
Before we move on, let's plot a simple map and have a look at one of our administrative layers. We can use ggplot with a new type of shape `geom_sf()` to plot the contents of a geospatial data file with polygons which is loaded as a `simplefeature` in R. Before we move on, let's plot a simple map and have a look at one of our administrative layers. We can use ggplot with a new type of shape `geom_sf()` to plot the contents of a geospatial data file with polygons which is loaded as a `simplefeature` in R.
```{r} ```{r}
ggplot(uk_countries) + library(bench) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
geom_sf() bench_time(ggplot(uk_countries) + geom_sf())
``` ```
# Load in Ordnance Survey OpenMap Points Data # Load in Ordnance Survey OpenMap Points Data
```{r} ```{r}
# Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been # Note: for more advanced reproducible scripts which demonstrate how these data surces have been
# obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R # obtained, see the companion cookbook here: https://github.com/kidwellj/hacking_religion_cookbook/blob/main/ordnance_survey.R
os_openmap_pow <- st_read(here("data", "os_openmap_pow.gpkg")) os_openmap_pow <- st_read(here("data", "os_openmap_pow.gpkg"), quiet = TRUE)
ggplot(os_openmap_pow) +
geom_sf()
bench_time(ggplot(os_openmap_pow) + geom_sf())
``` ```
It's worth noting that the way that you load geospatial data in R has changed quite dramatically since 2020 with the introduction of the simplefeature class in R. Much of the documentation you will come across "out there" will make reference to a set of functions which are now deprecated. It's worth noting that the way that you load geospatial data in R has changed quite dramatically since 2020 with the introduction of the simplefeature class in R. Much of the documentation you will come across "out there" will make reference to a set of functions which are now deprecated.
@ -87,6 +84,7 @@ Let's use that data we've just loaded to make our first map:
# using temporary palette here so that 0s are white # using temporary palette here so that 0s are white
library(tmap) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages() library(tmap) |> suppressPackageStartupMessages()
# palette <- c(white, "#a8ddb5", "#43a2ca") # palette <- c(white, "#a8ddb5", "#43a2ca")
map1 <- tm_shape(local_authorities) + map1 <- tm_shape(local_authorities) +
# tm_fill(col = "surveys_count", , palette = palette, title = "Concentration of survey respondents") + # tm_fill(col = "surveys_count", , palette = palette, title = "Concentration of survey respondents") +
tm_borders(alpha=.5, lwd=0.1) + tm_borders(alpha=.5, lwd=0.1) +
@ -116,14 +114,15 @@ map1
tmap_save(map1, here("figures", "map.png"), width=1920, height=1080, asp=0) tmap_save(map1, here("figures", "map.png"), width=1920, height=1080, asp=0)
``` ```
```{r} ```{r, results = 'hide'}
# subsetting ordnance survey openmap data for measuring clusters and proximity # subsetting ordnance survey openmap data for measuring clusters and proximity
os_openmap_important_buildings <- st_read(here("data", "os_openmap_important_buildings.gpkg")) os_openmap_important_buildings <- st_read(here("data", "os_openmap_important_buildings.gpkg"), quiet = TRUE)
# add pubs, check_cashing, pawnbrokers, SSSI # add pubs, check_cashing, pawnbrokers, SSSI
## subsets ## subsets
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1. Count the number of churches in Local Authorities
```{r} ```{r}